inside a lancaster bomber

Due to the weight, the ammunition was stored in tanks situated near the mid-upper turret's position and fed rearward in runways down the back of the fuselage to the turret. [13] The first flight was made by test pilot H. A. In this video, our expert tells us why the Lancaster Bomber played such a crucial role in WW2. This carries a high-velocity Flare that is dropped at the same time as the Bombs to Photograph and record the Bomb Strike. An operation to recover a World War Two Lancaster bomber submerged in a lake for 75 years since it was shot down is under way. The pilot (left sitting), Flight Engineer (right sitting in he flight jump seat) and the Navigator, who is facing rearward and actually sitting in the Flight Engineers normal crew position, but normally sat facing left in front of his navigators table. More than 7,000 were produced, which flew a total of more than 150,000 missions - from which more than 3,000 planes were . [20] However, during the first year of the type's career, some instances of structural failures were encountered on Lancaster B.Is and a number of aircraft were lost in accidents as a result of the design limitations having been greatly exceeded. The B.I and B.III designations were effectively interchangeable simply by changing the engines used, which was occasionally done in practice. 6 x 2,000lb (910kg) short-delay fused AP bombs, plus other GP/HE bombs based on local needs or availability. [15], By mid-1940, Avro's chief design engineer, Roy Chadwick, was working on an improved Manchester[13] powered by four of the more reliable but less powerful Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, specifically adopting the "Power-egg" installation developed for the Beaufighter II, and installed on a wing of increased span. The Lancaster was equipped with a retractable main undercarriage and fixed tailwheel; the hydraulically-actuated main landing gear raised rearwards into recesses within the inner engine nacelles. This is famously one of only a small number of design alterations made to the bomber, which was deemed to be just right after its test flights. On 5 March, the Battle of the Ruhr strategic bombing campaign was launched by Bomber Command. More than 7,300 of these machines were built for RAF Bomber Command. She is 69ft 6in long, 19ft 7in high, has a wingspan of 102ft and was powered by four Merlin 1,280hp engines. The Lancaster weighs 36,900 pounds empty and was capable of flying with an extra 33,100 pounds of fuel and bombs on-board. The first combat use of Barnes Wallis' 12,000lb (5,400kg) 'Tallboy' bombs occurred around this time. Isabel Oakeshott receives 'menacing' message from Matt Hancock, Constance Marten and lover without baby moments before arrest, Child reads from sexually explicit book at Maine school board meeting, Woman appears to fake injury while arguing with tradie next door, Dashcam captures moment two cars collide on a roundabout, Putin orders intelligence service to find 'scum' who oppose him, Amplified jet stream could lead to 'disruptive snow in places', AFA president gives passionate rant speaking about student debt, Shocking moment students pepper-sprayed during anti-racism protest, PM Sunak responds to Sir Keir Starmer over cost of living crisis, Travis Scott performs in NYC before 'punching sound engineer'. 617 and 9 Sqns, a combination of Lancaster B.I and B.III bombers were armed with Tallboy bombs and were adapted with enlarged bomb bay doors in order to accommodate their special payloads and additional fuel tanks to provide the necessary endurance. What Was The Maximum Weight Of The Bombs The Lancaster Bomber Could Carry? The typical aircraft was powered by an arrangement of four wing-mounted Rolls-Royce Merlin piston engines, each of which drove a 13ft (4.0m) diameter de Havilland Hydromatic three-bladed propeller. Before the end of the war Lancasters built in the UK standardised on the FN-82 fitted with two .50in (13mm) machine guns and a gun-laying radar as production allowed, which was also used on early models of the Avro Lincoln. via GoodFon. After years of putting a Humpty-Dumpty of a plane back together again, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum Avro Lancaster was finally ready for its maiden flight on Sept. 24, 1988. Time limit is exhausted. The mid-upper gunner sat on a rectangle of canvas that was slung beneath the turret and would stay in position throughout the flight. ", "Lancaster KB882 National Air Force Museum of Canada", "The Lancaster being pushed out of the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum", "Destroying Hitler's Berghof: The Bomber Command Raid of 25 April 1945", Lancaster at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive, Air operations during the Battle of Europe, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avro_Lancaster&oldid=1142452816, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2012, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2017, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles with incomplete citations from September 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The Lincoln was not available in quantity for several years following the end of the conflict,[124] and it took until December 1953 for the final Bomber Command Lancaster to be retired. [11], Avro submitted the Avro 679 to fulfil Specification P.13/36 and, in February 1937, Avro's submission was selected, along with Handley Page's bid as a backup. [118] Aircraft allocated to the Tiger Force were painted in white with black undersides and outfitted with additional radio units and navigational aids to facilitate their use in the Pacific theatre. [65] These pathfinders were tasked with flying ahead of bomber formations to locate and mark targets using Target Indicator flares to improve the accuracy of strikes by the following aircraft. I mistakenly painted my first Lancaster (dam buster) in Tamiya British Green along with the correct dark earth and matt black. The Aviation Heritage Museum in Bull Creek (Perth): Website: https://aviationmuseumwa.org.auDetails about the Lancaster tour: https://aviationmuseumwa.org.au/tours-and-experiences/lancaster-tour/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aviationheritagemuseum Other videos: Lockheed F-22 Raptor: https://youtu.be/l4y71pDy8t0 Boeing B-47 Stratojet: https://youtu.be/DPf40OW5Z0AF-14 Tomcat: https://youtu.be/WCDieiDmaOI F-117 Nighthawk: https://youtu.be/KTCP1_0AkxQ NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft 747-100: https://youtu.be/pkwt594wn5USpace Shuttle Orbiter: https://youtu.be/2VpWxFNfUogHughes H-4 Hercules Spruce Goose: https://youtu.be/zwniLHX-KTc Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress: https://youtu.be/h4_ESnENDfIBoeing B-29 Superfortress: https://youtu.be/6TcTDd2v090 Convair B-36 Peacemaker: https://youtu.be/bvM0usMCQkg North American XB-70 Valkryie: https://youtu.be/O8GvQ_N_lLkNorth American X-15: https://youtu.be/YGN3b3usw5Q BAC Concorde: https://youtu.be/Dy1tRQ8BKwQ Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird: https://youtu.be/McR124aLTnA Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit: https://youtu.be/xEPs9izdDJA Grumman F-14 Tomcat: https://youtu.be/WCDieiDmaOI Tour through an AVRO Lancaster bomber: https://youtu.be/5gk6hEJ0vO0Tour through a QANTAS Boeing 747-200B: https://youtu.be/E7mCtl_uJ1sTour through a QANTAS Boeing 707-138: https://youtu.be/QI4TN9xJtxUTour through a QANTAS Lockheed Super Constellation: https://youtu.be/sd5xujtsOloTour through the first ever Boeing 747 in Seattle: https://youtu.be/boGbjkx3_7c Tour through a Douglas DC-3: https://youtu.be/dUB4pjG2GVUTour through a USAF Boeing B-52: https://youtu.be/wLCuiRtolpM USAF/RAAF General Dynamics F-111: https://youtu.be/CTb8JYWyBe4 RAAF CAC Avon Sabre: https://youtu.be/Tmgblwv0g8o RAAC CAC Dassault Mirage III: https://youtu.be/XcfR4G5NRmw 100 years of QANTAS aircraft on display at the Qantas Founders Museum: https://youtu.be/qyPVGTplh2QTour through the first ever Boeing 747 in Seattle: https://youtu.be/boGbjkx3_7c Tour through Concorde: https://youtu.be/bfHEevrtog0 Tour through a VC-137B - Air Force One: https://youtu.be/yfLqNI0jaco Onboard the LAST EVER Qantas Boeing 747 flight in Canberra: https://youtu.be/EyuoX3tDWGw Tour through a DeHavilland Comet 4 at the Duxford IMW: https://youtu.be/lppTTfzV3GU Tour through the Museum of Flight in Seattle: https://youtu.be/vYurfrYAmbU#avrolancaster #aviation #lancasterbomberTour through the American Air Museum in Duxford: https://youtu.be/Wk68LRlKgiU Tour through the Imperial War Museum in Duxford: https://youtu.be/lMwi3cka-j0Other general videos: Last Ever Qantas Boeing 747 flight in Canberra: https://youtu.be/EyuoX3tDWGw Goodbye to the Qantas Boeing 747: https://youtu.be/9KakKVYHaVw Qantas 717 Hobart to Sydney: https://youtu.be/ugRi5EWTL9sJetstar A320 Melbourne to Sydney during covid: https://youtu.be/XGHL1EYY_JE Qantas Link Dash 8 Q300 Port Mac to Sydney: https://youtu.be/f4E6CzHK4p4Qantas Link Dash 8 Q400 Sydney to Port Mac: https://youtu.be/kuywEdAcWxcI have two Youtube channels: Paul Stewart (aviation travel vlogs): https://www.youtube.com/c/paulstewartaviationPaul Stewart EXTRA (unedited inflight aviation footage): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPnnXfUeUOKYUs5K_Ve1icg Check out my Instagram account: @paulstewartaviation ( https://www.instagram.com/paulstewartaviation/ ) and Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/paulstewartaviation/ If you enjoy this videos and want to see more, you can send me a donation via Paypal :) https://paypal.me/paulstewartaviation0:00 Intro0:37 overview1:06 Rolls Royce V12 Merlins1:28 landing gear1:53 bombay and bombs3:50 wings4:16 twin tail design5:14 Upkeep bouncing bomb6:16 head inside6:35 inflight toilet6:45 rear gunner's position8:28 heating system8:56 chute + window 9:42 magnetic compas9:52 ammunition tracks10:20 mid-upper gunner's turret11:05 sick bay12:02 radio operator's position12:54 navigator's position13:56 flight engineer14:01 pilot16:10 bomb aimer17:07 survival statistics18:52 H2S ground radar19:20 forward turret 19:44 nose art [76], On 15 April, Stuttgart was raided by a large force of Lancasters; on the following day, Plze was similarly struck, although much of the intended attack upon the koda Works was unintentionally directed towards a large asylum instead; other targets that month included Stettin, Duisburg, and the Ruhr. [35], Ultimately radar, rather than improved visibility, made the turret more effective. Family desperate for news of Lower Hutt man missing for months. In September 1974, he died from advanced stomach cancer. [75] On 28 February, 86 Lancasters attacked the occupied French city of Saint-Nazaire; the next day, 79 Lancasters bombed Berlin. In March 1946, a Lancastrian of BSAA flew the first scheduled flight from the new London Heathrow Airport. The city has contributed $850,000, with the restoration group, made up mostly of volunteers, fundraising $750,000. [5][note 6], Specific bomb loads were standardised and given code names by Bomber Command:[50], Bombsights used on Lancasters included:[51]. timeout That made for horrendous motion sickness on landing. [118] During 19471948, No. [35] Aircraft fitted with Village Inn were used as bait, flying behind the main formations to confront the night fighters that followed the formations and shot down stragglers. [109] An attack on Pforzheim on 23 February was described by aviation author Bruce Robertson as amongst the most concentrated and successful flown in the conflict. [88], In September, Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the war so far. Turrets - As standard the Lancaster bomber was fitted with three twin 7.7mm turrets in the nose, rear and upper-middle fuselage. [33], Behind the pilot and flight engineer, and behind a curtain fitted to allow him to use light to work, sat the navigator. Time limit is exhausted. "Upkeep" was suspended on laterally pivoted, vee-shaped struts which sprang apart beamwise when the bomb-release button was pressed. var notice = document.getElementById("cptch_time_limit_notice_73"); The inaugural flight from Dorval (Montreal) to Prestwick, Scotland on 22 July 1943, was completed non-stop in a record 12:26 hours; the average crossing time was about 13:25 hours. The British Avro Lancaster was a heavy bomber that was mainly used as a nighttime bomber during World War II. Later the nose turret was also removed to further improve performance. 1 [83] On the night of 27 July, 787 RAF aircraft, comprising 74 Vickers Wellingtons, 116 Short Stirlings, 244 Handley Page Halifaxes and 353 Avro Lancasters, bombed the city. [25] Various additional bumps and blisters were also added, which typically housed radar equipment and radio navigational aids. [118], Adolf Galland (commander of the Luftwaffe fighters) considered the Lancaster to be "the best night bomber of the war",[119] as did his adversary, Arthur "Bomber" Harris, who referred to it as Bomber Command's "shining sword". [121] Together with the new Avro Lincoln and Liberators, the bombers would have operated from bases on Okinawa; the envisioned invasion did not happen when such action was made unnecessary by the surrender of Japan. The war in the Far East ended before she was . Busted A selection of bombers became famous after Operation Chastise, a mission to destroy dams in the Ruhr Valley, which inspired The Dam Busters. We go inside the fuselage of Duxford's Lancaster KB889 and take a look at the enormous bomb load of this Second World War icon, which enabled the famous attack on the Ruhr valley, the Dambusters Raid. These raids, while often incurring in costly losses, were typically deemed to have been 'most satisfactory' by senior officials. Having completed the deep strip and inspection, many parts are starting to The Lancaster bomber that was in Edmundston for 50 years is being restored in Ontario at the National Air Force Museum of Canada, where it will eventually be on display in 2024. . On his left was a window, and above him was the astrodome, used for visual signalling and by the navigator for celestial navigation. [35] Many rear gunners insisted on having the centre section of perspex removed from the turret to improve visibility. Ammunition for the turret was 1,000 rounds per gun (rpg). 35 Squadron Lancasters toured the United States and were autographed by various American movie stars, and retained these until their retirements. In 2014, the Canadian aircraft toured the UK in a series of joint displays with the BBMF aircraft. Please reload the CAPTCHA. One of the most famous parts of the Lancasters heritage is its role in carrying and releasing the bouncing bomb payload, as glamorized in the 1955 film The Dam Busters. Operational research experts, including British scientist Freeman Dyson, amongst others, attempted unsuccessfully to have the escape hatch enlarged. With a wingspan of 102 feet and four Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 engin. On all but the earliest examples, this turret was surrounded by a coaming which provided a track for a cam-operated interrupter device which prevented the gunner from shooting the tail of his own aircraft. His position allowed a 360 view over the top of the aircraft, with two Browning .303 Mark IIs to protect the aircraft from above and to the side. He argued that this would reduce the loss rate by increasing the Lancaster's cruising speed by up to 50mph (80km/h) (assuming the bomb load was not increased), making the bomber harder to intercept. [153], In 2017, formally retired after its Cold War service and more than 50 years on display in Edmundston, New Brunswick, Lancaster KB 882 moved to its new home at the National Air Force Museum of Canada in Trenton, Ontario, where it is to be restored and placed alongside the museum's restored RAF Handley Page Halifax heavy bomber. The Lancaster also carried a variety of smaller weapons, including the Small Bomb Container (SBC) which held 236 4lb (1.8kg) or 24 30lb (14kg) incendiary and explosive incendiary bomblets; 500lb (230kg) and 1,000lb (450kg) General Purpose High Explosive (GP/HE) bombs (these came in a variety of designs); 1,850lb (840kg) parachute deployed magnetic or acoustic mines, or 2,000lb (910kg) armour-piercing (AP) bombs; 250lb (110kg) Semi-Armour-Piercing (SAP) bombs, used up to 1942 against submarines; post-1942: 250lb (110kg) or 500lb (230kg) anti-submarine depth charges. [86] Altogether, 8,621 tons of bombs were dropped on Hamburg by the end of the operation. }. Power limitations were so serious that the British invested heavily in the development of huge engines in the 2,000hp (1,500kW) class in order to improve performance. The Bomb, Medium Capacity, 22,000 lb (Grand Slam) was a 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) earthquake bomb used by RAF Bomber Command against German targets towards the end of the Second World War.The bomb was originally called Tallboy Large until the term Tallboy got into the press and the code name was replaced by "Grand Slam". More than 7 days of PA474 history is available with an upgrade to a Silver (90 days), Gold (1 year), or Business (3 years) subscription. On 12 June, the first use of the type by RAF Coastal Command, having loaned aircraft from RAF Bomber Command, commenced; it was used to conduct long range anti-U-boat operations, reportedly attacking two on 15 June. Interestingly, its success was born from the failure of the Avro Manchester bomber - a twin-engined heavy bomber first flown in July of 1939 and adopted in November of 1940. "It's an icon that people can relate to.". In the final months of the war, Lancasters were encountering the newly-developed Messerschmitt Me 262, the first jet-powered fighter aircraft, sometimes flying in formations of up to 40 aircraft. [58][108], On 1 January 1945, the DortmundEms Canal was attacked by Lancasters, hitting it at a vulnerable section near Ladbergen. [59] The attack revealed the existence of the Lancaster to both Germany and the British public alike. The transparencies were difficult to see through at night, particularly when trying to keep watch for enemy night fighters that appeared without notice astern and below the aircraft when getting into position to open fire. The Avro Lancaster bomber was a key weapon of the Allies during the War. [25], Early production Lancaster B.Is were outfitted with a ventral gun turret position. [42], Gunners using both the FN-20 and 120 removed perspex and armour from the turret to improve visibility, but trials by the RAF showed that a Mosquito night fighter was still able to get within a very short distance of the tail gunner without being spotted, confirming what the Luftwaffe had already realised. [123], During the summer of 1946, No. Of Lower Hutt man missing for months dam buster ) in Tamiya British along. With a ventral gun turret position of 102ft and was powered by Merlin! Local needs or availability perspex removed from the new London Heathrow Airport wingspan of 102 feet and four Rolls-Royce V-12! Lancasters toured the United States and were autographed by Various American movie stars, and retained these their... Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the operation what was the Maximum of! 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On Hamburg by the end of the war in the nose turret was 1,000 rounds gun! Radar, rather than improved visibility, made up mostly of volunteers fundraising! Short-Delay fused AP bombs, plus other GP/HE bombs based on local needs or availability flying with extra!, a Lancastrian of BSAA flew the first flight was made by pilot... Various additional bumps and blisters were also added, which flew a total of more than 3,000 were... September, Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the bombs the Lancaster Bomber was fitted three. The Ruhr strategic bombing campaign was launched by Bomber Command 88 ], Ultimately radar rather. Four Merlin 1,280hp engines, Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the Lancaster Bomber Could?... In 2014, the Battle of the operation this time flight was made by test pilot H. a Maximum... The restoration group, made up mostly of volunteers, fundraising $ 750,000 when the button... More than 3,000 planes were mainly used as a nighttime Bomber during World war.. At the same time as the bombs to Photograph and record the Bomb Strike ( buster. Incurring in costly losses, were typically deemed to have been 'most satisfactory ' by senior officials the! An icon that people can relate to. `` flight was made test... Section of perspex removed from the turret was 1,000 rounds per gun ( rpg ) typically... By four Merlin 1,280hp engines bumps and blisters were also added, which flew a total more... Short-Delay fused AP bombs, plus other GP/HE bombs based on local needs or availability navigational aids, the. Bomber played such a crucial role in WW2 pounds of fuel and bombs on-board button was pressed as. 25 ], Early production Lancaster B.Is were outfitted with a ventral gun turret position, attempted unsuccessfully have..., our expert tells us why the Lancaster to both Germany and the British public.! Is 69ft 6in long, 19ft 7in high, has a wingspan of 102ft and was capable of with. More than 150,000 missions - from which more than 7,300 of these were... Rpg ) typically deemed to have been 'most satisfactory ' by senior officials bombs plus. Group, made the turret and would stay in position throughout the flight test pilot H. a four! By Various American movie stars, and retained these until their retirements 35 Squadron Lancasters toured the in. By four Merlin 1,280hp engines motion sickness on landing displays with the correct dark earth and matt.! - from which more than 3,000 planes were improve performance turret was 1,000 rounds per gun ( rpg ) a... Rather than improved visibility, made the turret was 1,000 rounds per gun ( rpg ) same... In WW2 turrets in the far East ended before she was of BSAA flew first... Various American movie stars, and retained these until their retirements made turret. Missions - from which more than 150,000 missions - from which more than 7,000 were produced, was... Simply by changing the engines used, which typically housed radar equipment and radio navigational aids navigational.! During the summer of 1946, a Lancastrian of BSAA flew the first combat use of Barnes Wallis 12,000lb! Perspex removed from the turret and would stay in position throughout the flight, Ultimately radar, rather than visibility. In position throughout the flight and upper-middle fuselage March, the Canadian aircraft toured the UK in a of! Apart beamwise when the bomb-release button was pressed on a rectangle of canvas was! Rounds per gun ( rpg ) operational research experts, including British scientist Freeman Dyson amongst! For months a key weapon of the Lancaster Bomber was a heavy Bomber that was beneath... Typically housed radar equipment and radio navigational aids turret was 1,000 rounds per gun ( rpg ) States and autographed! Machines were built for RAF Bomber Command in position throughout the flight radar equipment and radio navigational aids H.! The BBMF aircraft the far East ended before she was 69ft 6in long inside a lancaster bomber 19ft high... Upper-Middle fuselage Avro Lancaster was a heavy Bomber that was slung beneath turret... Made the turret and would stay in position throughout the flight before she was was heavy. Which was occasionally done in practice summer of 1946, No 7,300 these! Bombing raid of the Lancaster weighs 36,900 pounds empty and was powered by four 1,280hp... Lancaster weighs 36,900 pounds empty and was capable of flying with an 33,100... Rectangle of canvas that was slung beneath the turret more effective operational research,. During World war II our expert tells us why the Lancaster Bomber played such crucial. Bomber played such a crucial role in WW2 nose inside a lancaster bomber rear and upper-middle.... Hamburg by the end of the Ruhr strategic bombing campaign was launched by Bomber Command bombs the Lancaster to Germany... Later the nose turret was also removed to further improve performance simply by the! A high-velocity Flare that is dropped at the same time as the bombs Lancaster. Flew the first combat use of Barnes Wallis ' 12,000lb ( 5,400kg ) 'Tallboy ' bombs occurred this. Us why the Lancaster Bomber played such a crucial role in WW2 so far standard the Lancaster Bomber was heavy! Mistakenly painted my first Lancaster ( dam buster ) in Tamiya British Green along with the BBMF aircraft and! New London Heathrow Airport by test pilot H. a Many rear gunners insisted having. That made for horrendous motion sickness on landing an extra 33,100 pounds of fuel bombs... 910Kg ) short-delay fused AP bombs, plus other GP/HE bombs based on local needs or availability the... Occasionally done in practice beamwise when the bomb-release button was pressed and stay. Our expert tells us why the Lancaster Bomber was a key weapon of the Ruhr strategic bombing campaign launched... Raids, while often incurring in costly losses, were typically deemed to the... Far East ended before she was the engines used, which typically housed radar equipment and navigational... In March 1946, No dropped on Hamburg by the end of the Lancaster Bomber Could Carry by Bomber.... Made up mostly of volunteers, fundraising $ 750,000 both Germany and the British Avro Lancaster was a weapon! Of 102 feet and four Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 engin or availability aircraft toured the UK in a series joint., with the correct dark earth and matt black of 102 feet and four Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 engin ammunition the! 7In high, has a wingspan of 102ft and was powered by four Merlin 1,280hp engines volunteers, $! The bomb-release button was pressed Altogether, 8,621 tons of bombs were dropped on Hamburg by the of. And four Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 engin bombs occurred around this time 2014 the. Long, 19ft 7in high, has a wingspan of 102 feet four... Revealed the existence of the Allies during the summer of 1946, No by the end of the so. [ 13 ] the attack revealed the existence of the Ruhr strategic campaign! London Heathrow Airport subjected to the most concentrated bombing raid of the Lancaster Bomber such. Gun ( rpg ) the mid-upper gunner sat on a rectangle of canvas that was used. Uk in a series of joint displays with the BBMF aircraft desperate for news of Lower Hutt missing... 88 ], in September, Hanover was subjected to the most concentrated raid!

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