thomas smittle horse trainer

Robert Thomas Smith (May 20, 1878 January 23, 1957) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. At Newbury we believe riding, training and showing should be pleasurable and enriching experiences for both horse and rider. An adoption is also held every August in conjunction with the Western States Wild Horse and Burro Expo, held at the Reno Livestock Events Center. It really says something about this masculinity and vulnerability., Armed with all her research and insight, the filmmaker aimed for maximum veracity, filming the project at a former prison and even casting a trio of recently released prisoners who had participated in the program while incarcerated. - 2013 - Mylute, 2nd - Hes been a great mentor; I continue to call him whenever I have a question about an animal Im training. Their destination is prison in the Nevada desert, where an inmate named Roman Coleman (Matthias Schoenaerts) has just been transferred out of solitary confinement. Still, most of the people I talked toOMeara, employees of the BLM, Tim Bryant, adoptees of WHTP horses, current inmates, former inmate and current horse trainer Thomas Smittle, and an equine behaviorist and veterinarian who has lectured at the prisonagree that Hank Curry is the backbone of the program. Wins He had prior experience working for Eddie Kenneally as an assistant trainer. - Earnings - - Each inmate earns a wage of 60 cents an hour, and can top out at $2.50 an hour working 40 hours a week. 2007, Ranked 21st by Whether you want to go to indoors or start a green hunter we will work . Hollywood is now Ita Tanka, meaning beautiful face and as you can see, Ita Tanka has found a wonderful life. - RTF 50% Horses running to form in last 14 days. DVM live on their small ranch near Custer, South Dakota with their five mustangs, eight rescued dogs & cats and a small flock of chickens. Sign up for our Email Newsletters here. Thomas Smittle hopes to continue an acting career and is seeking an agent (2/9/19). Hooded, brooding and given to sharp bursts of impulsive violence, Roman keeps to himself, much like the magnificent, unmanageable buckskin that isolated in its own cell begins to exert a wordless pull on the moody prisoner. Our main concern is getting animals placed in good homes, and the BLM sees the prison program as a tool to do that.. The pairing of inmates with horses offers tremendous potential for addressing the psychological causes of the offenders problematic behaviors, and also counteracts the impact of a dysfunctional prison culture that reinforces behaviors unproductive to readjustment in the community. American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer of Seabiscuit, Learn how and when to remove this template message, U.S. Champion Thoroughbred Trainer by earnings, National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, Tom Smith at the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Smith_(horse_trainer)&oldid=1118711164, United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees, Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale), Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 October 2022, at 12:43. Some prisons come up with a lot of opportunities, like a journalist school or a cinema school or firefighter department. For every horse adopted, the BLM pays the prison a $1,000 training fee per animal. For more information on the Western States Wild Horse & Burro Expo and Saddle-Trained Horse Adoption Event, visit the NNCC website.The next adoption event is Saturday, August 18, 2012. Last Winner. 2015, Ranked 15th by IndieWire is a part of Penske Media Corporation. Wins AS THE ADOPTION WINDS DOWN, I ask Barajas how he copes with seeing his horses sold. On my first day, I saddled up, picked feet, and got on a horse. He glances at the colt, which gazes at him with unwavering eye contact. 2016, Ranked 31st by 2004, Ranked 31st by California has a 73-percent recidivism rate and the average national rate hovers around 60 percent, says OMeara. That experience inspired her to write her next short, Rabbit, which follows a female prisoner as she attempts to connect with a therapy bunny inside her cell, which then led to her feature-length debut, The Mustang.The prison-set drama stars Matthias Schoenaerts as Roman, a convict caught in a cycle of violence and crime he cant seem to break, until hes given the chance to participate in a program that focuses on rehabilitation through the training wild horses. Design and development by TJC Technology Services, Inc. /exhibits/photo-finish-juried-photography-exhibition, Employment, Internship and Volunteer Opportunities. Other programs may fail to properly employ (or even use) least-resistance methods or dont offer counseling in tandem for substance abuse or other issues. Thomas Smittle, who has worked as a contract trainer and farrier for Return to Freedom, was hired as a wrangler and actor for the movie "The Mustang," a film about a convict's connection with. But Ill probably have just enough money to take the bus to wherever I need to go for work., In his years working for the NDOC, Curry has learned that even the best, most well-intentioned program members have a tough road ahead of them, especially if they wish to pursue horse training as a career. North America's leading trainer in earnings 1940, 1945. Nevada contains approximately half of the nations wild horse and burro populations, which is estimated to be around 38,500. Half of those earnings go back to the prison for room and board, as well as toward victims restitution payments. - 2009, Ranked 33rd by Solo travel can be risky. 2021, Ranked 29th by Every dollar of profit goes back into the program. The Thomas Muller horse named Dave makes the footballer feel comfortable as Muller claims he is fascinated by the horse's attitude and way of life. The wild horse program experience changed his life, leading him to become a well known horseman and teacher of horsemanship. Wins Before that, some of them are gentled and trained by prisoners in the Nevada Department of Corrections system. Hank must have sensed something in me he could cultivate. - - 2020 - Serengeti Empress, 3rd Inspired by actual wild-horse rehabilitation programs in prisons throughout the West and Midwest real-life graduates of the program, including the storied trainer Thomas Smittle, are cast in supporting roles as Romans fellow inmates she offers hope for even the most hardened offenders, without succumbing to sentimentality or romanticism. Related Completion of the Riding Master II program or the equivalent level of equine studies. He struggles to connect with the horses and his fellow inmates alike. Right now Im focused on working with BLM horses and Lifesavers, a wild horse rescue.. - 2005, Ranked 41st by Earnings Again and again he took ordinary horses and made them winners. They included Thomas Smittle, who de Clermont-Tonnerre had interviewed for the film while he was still in prison. You may recognize him from his supporting role in" document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); To help decrease spam, please answer the question above. This documentary/drama depicts Thomas teaching horsemanship to native youth, telling the story of how the same horse program depicted in the movie and horses changed his life for the better. T-Bird comes to him when he beckons from across the arena. Add to . - Blue Mountain Farm also specializes in the sale of quality horses - from young horses, Junior/Amateur Owner Hunters . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. - An inmate must have his birth certificate and Social Security card on file, and his occupation prior to incarceration is also considered. Thomas Smittle, an incredible Mustang Trainer met our Sweetbeau Horse, Hollywood, during the filming of a movie. When its time to bring T-Bird back into the arena for bidding, Barajas has the rangy chestnut smoothly sidestep and back up, then he stands on the horses back. He smiles, but is matter-of-fact about his prospects. I was very intrigued by those odd pairings., Related Earnings He was helping so much [with] the actors, sharing stories and bringing a lot of authentic elements and truth, she said. They have their own society in here, and they have to live by it or they dont do well. Sign Up: Stay on top of the latest breaking film and TV news! Earnings Tom is a young trainer, who launched his own business in 2013. Whats more important is that once released, inmates take the lessons theyve learned from working with horses and incorporate them into their daily lives. He is already well-regarded within the local communities and with horse rescue programs. Many inmates struggle with low self-worth, poor impulse control, anger management problems, and weak communication skills, says Kathleen OMeara, chief psychologist with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Eventually, she reached out to a therapist and asked to spend a few days observing the process for herself. Combining a horse/inmate training program with substance abuse treatment [if needed] could tremendously enhance the rehabilitative potential.. Wins They have some [programs], she said. Learning the value of positive reinforcement contrasts, for many inmates, with the negativity or violence many of them experienced in their developmental years. Its the most incarcerated country in the world, but [prisons] have also come up some of them, and unfortunately its very minor with the most wonderful program in the world, which is this animal therapy., The filmmaker added, People who actually are [in them] get reconciled with themselves, their family, find a sense to their life, have a future and hope, and believe in a second chance.. - The inmates, most of whom have little to no experience with equines, are taught safe horsemanship and how to groom and pick feet. They need to have equipment and animals. Wins - Nevadas is not the nations first wild-horse program (Colorado and Wyoming were the forerunners), but its perhaps the most successful. Thomas was born in 1970 in Mehama, Oregon and is the son Jean L Wood (Blackfoot/Paiute), a housekeeper, and Howard Smittle (Cheyenne/Euro), a horseman and fabricator. Passport wait times are up again. Earnings Demographically, the prison population at NNCC is approximately 70 percent Caucasian and 30 percent Native American, Hispanic, and African American. R.At Landmarks E Street Cinema. 2021, Ranked 15th by Trainer Profile. Each year, the Bureau of Land Management rounds up a small number of wild mustangs and burros that roam the American West, in hopes that they will be adopted by willing owners. Equibase Company is the Official Supplier of Racing Information and Statistics to America's Best Racing, Breeders' Cup, Daily Racing Form, NTRA, The Jockey Club, TRA, TVG and XpressBet. Earnings Earnings Level One: Requirements for the Level One Training Certification: Completion of at least two Training courses with a minimum 3.0 GPA and no more than 7 absences or observations per course. 6124 [email protected] Earnings Runs Since Last Winner. Home Stats Central Trainer Profile (Thoroughbred) Thomas M. Amoss Best Racing Class Achieved. I grew up around horses, and being incarcerated, I felt more comfortable working with animals than peopletheres less drama. Thoroughbred races only. - Statistics Achievements Entries Results Top Horses Filter Statistics Age Sex Surface Race Type As of 02.25.23 You want some more, Buddy? he asks.The Wild Horse Training Program is a self-supported state entity that works in a cooperative partnership between the Bureau of Land Management and the Nevada Department of Corrections. They learn what self-satisfaction is. For the 30-year-old Thomas Muller, he is allowed to spend quality time with his companion Dave. - 2002, Ranked 29th by 45 Great Films That Failed at the Box Office - [Horses] test you and teach you patience, he says. He is already well-regarded within the local communities and with horse rescue programs. In his absence, Roy Waldron trained for a time for Maine Chance Farm, winning the Pimlico Futurity with Star Pilot, before Smith's 36-year-old son, Jimmy, took over for the remainder of the suspension. Owned and operated by Thomas and Chari Cerra, Blue Mountain Farm focuses on the training of top-level riders and horses. 2001, Ranked 25th by Earnings 2020, Ranked 25th by As it turns out, practicing these techniques helps inmates get their lives back on track, as well. Actress-turned-filmmaker Laure de Clermont-Tonnerres feature-length debut The Mustang focuses on the still-unique process of animal therapy treatment for prisoners, and she researched the project by witnessing the French program up close. - Thomas Morley Best Racing Class Achieved Multiple Graded Stakes Winning Trainer Add to Virtual Stable Add to Compare 2023 Statistics* Career Statistics See Complete Stats *All current year statistics include results from all countries. All of that we'll get into, and more. Connie Britton & Matthias Schoenaerts Celebrate The Mustang at Hollywood Premiere Watch Trailer! 2004, Ranked 17th by It was wonderful to have him. Ideally, we want someone who plans to stick with the program for the duration of his sentence. Thomas Smittle hopes to continue an acting career and is seeking an agent (2/9/19). He was so natural, so emotionally involved, and it was not easy for him, but he loved it., There are two other former prisoners in the film like Smittle, they had recently been released when the filmmaker offered them the gig and de Clermont-Tonnerre said that, just like Smittle, she found their help invaluable. She also noted that both of them now have full-time jobs and one of them even adopted one of the wild horses from The Mustang., She hoped their experiences, and the movie itself, might fuel further discussions about the expansion of the rehabilitation program. I felt that was easier for them to open themselves to me, as a woman, she added. All the stats, form and information about trainer - Trevor Thomas available at RACING.COM - The first destination for Australian Horse Racing. In general, Curry will give a lecture or demonstration or show a video on teaching techniques or safety. WARNING: This interview contains some brief spoilers about the movie's plot. Overall, working with horses has really changed for the better how I relate to and treat my family., Will he continue to train once hes released, I ask? Wins Thomas has appeared in many documentaries about wild horses and has a credit with SVT TV of Sweden, due out April 2019. Smith led all North American trainers in earnings in 1940 and 1945. - A memory of riding a horse at Boy Scout camp is what led him to apply. Even if the insight inmates gain from working with and bonding to their horsesand each otheris what ultimately leads to change, Currys combination of skill and genuine concern for the horses and inmates and his desire to see them succeed are crucial to its success. 3rd Welcome to Equibase.com, your official source for horse racing results, mobile racing data, statistics as well as all other horse racing and thoroughbred racing information. 2012, Ranked 9th by I was researching so much and I spent so much time with a lot of men, listening to their stories and talking with them. This country really needs it. After 18 months of assisting in New York, Morley parted ways with Kenneally and embarked on his own journey. Contains mature thematic material, sexuality and a rude gesture. Doninga Goresbridge Co Kilkenny. Thomas participated in the wild horse program depicted in The Mustang (2019). We strive to foster an environment based on open communication that promotes teamwork, learning and an unwavering pursuit of excellence. Shes helped enormously in that enterprise by Schoenaerts, who maintains an unreachable stoicism throughout The Mustang, holding viewers at bay, but never far enough that they wont want to lean in for a closer look. They mature in this program, develop a sense of pride, and a willingness to take constructive criticism positively. FYI: Connie is wearing jewelry by Le Vian, Nancy Newberg, State Property, and Eriness, and carrying a Cult Gaia clutch. Program Director Hank Curry, 62, says that to train a horse effectively, you have to think like a horse. 2007, Ranked 30th by Id love to keep working with horses, he says. I ask Bryant why people would want to purchase a wild horse that has only 120 days under saddle and has been trained by an inmate rather than by a professional trainer or clinician. The 52-year-old actress was joined at the event by her co-stars Matthias Schoenaerts, Gideon Adlon, Jason Mitchell, Thomas Smittle and Josh Stewart, as well as director Laure de Clermont-Tonnerre. Full bio Inducted 2001 Born May 20, 1878, Georgia Died Jan. 23, 1957, Glendale, California Career 1933-1957 Media Very little is known about Tom Smith's early years and how he surfaced from birth in the state of Georgia to the still untamed. He was very generous with his time, so we have a lot of material to write about Tom. For the last two years, the Marine Color Guard has ridden a handful of horses trained by the program in the Rose Parade. - 2000 - Heritage of Gold, 3rd Wins (If theyre still getting into trouble in prison, theyre not going to get anything out of the program, says Curry. In addition to Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming, there are also similar programs in Kansas and Utah. Influencers: Profiles of a Partnership 2022, How to Pitch Stories and Articles to IndieWire, How Michael B. Jordan's Love of Anime Shaped 'Creed III' Fight Scenes, Jamie Dack's Feature Debut Scared Some People -- Now It's Nominated for 4 Indie Spirit Awards, 45 Great Films That Failed at the Box Office, 51 Directors' Favorite Horror Movies: Bong Joon Ho, Quentin Tarantino, Guillermo del Toro, and More, The Mustang Review: The Shawshank Redemption With Horses in Stirring Prison Drama. 2006, Ranked 30th by Connie Britton strikes a pose on the carpet while attending the premiere of her brand new Focus Features' film The Mustang held at ArcLight Hollywood on Tuesday (March 12) in Hollywood. In this interview, he speaks about a variety of subjects, including his time in prison, how the wild horse training program changed him, having a supporting role written for him, his relationship with horses on the set, and more. - De Clermont-Tonnerresparked to the story, and wanted to use it to build out film that was about teaching men how to behave and how to reconnect with themselves., Laure de Clermont-Tonnerre on the set of The Mustang, And it had to be men: She gender-swapped the roles when she discovered that the program is currently only available to male inmates. - Lovely Reaction (IRE) 5/1, A P Kelly Limerick Tue, 31st Jan, 23. Wins In 1947, Smith won the Kentucky Derby with Maine Chances Jet Pilot. ON ADOPTION DAY, the stands are filled with more than 150 attendees, many of whom are from the surrounding communities.A lot of people show up at our adoptions just to watch, because they like seeing what the inmates have accomplished, says Ranch Manager Tim Bryant, who is in charge of the Stewart Conservation Camps 1,000-acre working farm. Looking for a trainer, lesson barn or boarding facility? Earnings 8 less-expensive spring break destinations. [1] The drug was given to the horse by the stable foreman without Smith's specific authorization, but under New York racing rules he was held responsible as the horse's trainer. Tom Smith twice led the nation's trainers in earnings while equines in his charge won 29 stakes races. Silent Tom. They learn that horses become willingly responsive without ever having been abused or mistreated. Some of the horses are adopted by the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center in Bridgeport, Calif. Others go to the Border Patrol, pack stations, the army, or non-profits. Thomas is also a well known advocate of wild horses and works closely with Return to Freedom Wild Horse Conservancy, Lifesavers Wild horse Rescue, Minnesota Hooved Animal Rescue Foundation, and other wild horse sanctuaries and rescues. Horse Training Certification. 2017, Ranked 39th by DVM live on their small ranch near Custer, South Dakota with their five mustangs, eight rescued dogs & cats and a small flock of chickens. Curry runs 60 to 70 horses a year through the programroughly 20 animals per each training period. 207 Likes, 1 Comments - Sweetbeau Horses (@sweetbeauhorses) on Instagram: "Welcome to our guest trainer, Thomas Smittle. . This documentary/drama depicts Thomas teaching horsemanship to native youth, telling the story of how the same horse program depicted in the movie and horses changed his life for the better. Longines Breeders' Cup Distaff American Classic Race wins:Kentucky Derby (1947). Theyre looking for a reliable ranch, endurance, or pack animal.. Charming and gregarious, Barajas has become a solid horseman, a skillful trainer, and is one of the programs biggest proponents. The bond between inmate and horse is obvious, and the audience erupts in applause and whistles. Interviews with leading film and TV creators about their process and craft. In 1934, he was hired as a trainer by the wealthy businessman Charles S. Howard . His life's story was told by author Laura Hillenbrand's bestselling 2001 book Seabiscuit: An American Legend.[3]. Wins I spot Harry Hamman, 39, who at the time had just completed his first 120 days as a trainer after transferring into the program from the High Desert State Prison outside of Las Vegas. Recent studies show that this number exceeds by nearly 12,000 what the BLM has determined can sustainably exist with other public rangeland resources and uses. Since then, he has started more than 1600 racehorses and amassed over $11 million in purse earnings. - Earnings Working with inmates has changed me. 2023 IndieWire Media, LLC. There are exceptions. thomas smittle horsemanship 2009- 20145 years Horse Trainer/Equine Manager Lifesavers WildHorse Rescue Apr 2011- Feb 20142 years 11 months Education Stayton Union High 1984- 1988 Volunteer. Inmates devote considerable time to a number of activities, including grooming, desensitizing the horses to stimuli such as rain slickers or loud noises, longeing and other round-pen work, changing gaits, exposing them to cattle, learning to carry a pack saddle, working with a rope, dragging two-by-fours, opening gates, and other ranch work. Get The Latest IndieWire Alerts And Newsletters Delivered Directly To Your Inbox. 2019, Ranked 25th by Twice he was the U.S. Champion Trainer by earnings: first in 1940, and again in 1945. Its a lot of contrast. Thomas Muller horse named Dave There are a few perks of playing husband to a horse rider. Statistics and last 14 days runners. [2] According to author Laura Hillenbrand, Smith's election to the Hall of Fame was delayed because of Smith's allegedly using an illegal stimulant in 1945. A major change took place after that when the New England Horse Breeders' Association took over and . 2022, Ranked 25th by - Thomas was born in 1970 in Mehama, Oregon and is the son Jean L Wood (Blackfoot/Paiute), a housekeeper, and Howard Smittle (Cheyenne/Euro), a horseman and fabricator. He said, The horse saved my life and this what I want to do with the rest of my life, working with horses. The program also relies heavily upon donations of tack, boots, and jeans for the inmates. The prison is an overflow facility for trainable horses, generally between 2 and 5 years of age, explains Heather Emmons, Public Affairs Specialist for the BLMs Nevada State Office. - Focus Features releases The Mustang in theaters on Friday, March 15. But they also love and support our program. Theres no typical day in the program. Earnings The wild horse program experience changed his life, leading him to become a well known horseman and teacher of horsemanship. ', De Clermont-Tonnerre admitted that joining the film wasnt an easy ask for Smittle, who is training to be a horse trainer, but the filmmaker found that the support and confidence that the program had instilled in Smittle helped him feel secure in taking on the role. 2017, Ranked 23rd by The program emphasizes least-resistance training based on techniques developed by the late Tom and Bill Dorrance, the late Ray Hunt, and Pat Parelli, that focus on thinking like a horse (a prey species) and utilizing humane methods to start and train them. 2003, Ranked 27th by Walter E. "Bud" Barrett Jr. a 92-year-old resident of nearby Dedham, wrote in his 1998 book, The Story of the Readville Race Track, that when Camp Meigs closed, a half-mile track was built in its place and utilized for brief harness racing meets from 1869-1895. For Harness Racing Fans. Wins They felt safe., She decided to set the film in a mustang rehabilitation program in Carson City, Nevada. - 2019 - Serengeti Empress, 3rd - 2013, Ranked 7th by If they can train these horses to be the best they can be they can do the same for themselves.. When I mention the accolades to Curry, he demurs: The men and these horses are what make this program successful.. From small-town Oregonian to well known horseman,clinician and wild horse advocate, Thomas Smittle makes his debut acting career in The Mustang 2019. Later training in the East for Maine Chance Farm, he conditioned both the juvenile male and juvenile filly champions of 1945, Star Pilot and Beaugay, respectively. Earnings Racing Hall of Fame inductee. I was surrounded by those men and it was a very masculine environment, she said in a recent interview. It is a story of a man who loved horses, had a patient hand for training these amazing animals, and was cast out by the sport he lived for. 2005, Ranked 26th by It was very heartbreaking, because I could see very lonely men suffering from anger, and completely closed off, trying to open themselves to the small animals, de Clermont-Tonnerre said. 30 hours of logged training time plus 10 . Thomas Smittle, who has worked as a contract trainer and farrier for Return to Freedom, was hired as a wrangler and actor for the movie The Mustang,\" a film about a convict's connection with a wild horse in a prison training program. They should have much more. 2014, Ranked 14th by Days Since Last Winner. Surprisingly, mares arent in great demand for the program, and burros only come through occasionally, as theyre slower to reproduce. Earnings Its a widely popular method in horse-training today for its non-coercive methods and communication strategies. - He has won twenty Breeders' Cup races, received five Eclipse .more Kelly Breen Age: 53 Birthplace: Perth Amboy, New Jersey GB jumps last 5 seasons Apr 2018 - Apr 2023. w. r. - A successful program at a Nevada prison places wild horses in new homes and helps the inmates who train them set new priorities in their lives. - AS IM GETTING READY to depart, I pause to observe the scene: Successful bidders are loading their new horses in trailers, and vehicles leave dust clouds in their wake as they head down the dirt track leading to the prisons main road. Earnings Add to . In her years of research, including dozens of interviews with prisoners in the American penal system, de Clermont-Tonnerre said she found the connection with her subjects with ease. Horse Trainer. - All rights reserved. Its kind of like the subject of rehabilitation in America: very morally contrasted, narratively contrasted, and visually contrasted. For more about the movie and Return to Freedom, see http://returntofreedom.org/themustangmovie/ Yet 95 percent of the program participants had never ridden. His pride is evident in his erect posture and broad smile. RKC Dressage, LLC: Ralea Casperson, Willeston, FL(training, lessons, clinics). - Breeders' Cup Filly and Mare Sprint Trevor Thomas. Travel news, guides and tips for anyone looking to get away. Most of them end up doing construction.. How Michael B. Jordan's Love of Anime Shaped 'Creed III' Fight Scenes Earnings - Would it shock anyone to learn that Roman begins to heal his own traumatic past through his work with the similarly mercurial Marquis? On May 20, 1878, a crying baby boy was born to poor parents in the remote woods of Georgia. Most have been rounded up by helicopter and then processedvaccinated, freeze branded, trimmed, and, if need be, gelded. If a guy doesnt get the concept behind least-resistance training or put his all into it, I tell him to move on.. - 2022, Ranked 29th by Current research shows that just 15 percent of the 200 men who have participated thus far have returned to prison following release, as compared to a 25 percent recidivism rate for all Nevada DOC facilities. While the majority come from Nevada, sometimes theyre from other states. 2010, Ranked 23rd by The youngsters impatiently nudge Dudo, 38, both curious and eager for the attention hes lavishing upon the colt.

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